1 Fals - Ahmad Atam-Tegin Isbijab

Ahmad Atam-Tegin governed Isbijab — a prosperous Silk Road entrepôt in the Talas-Syr Darya corridor, now roughly in southern Kazakhstan — as a subordinate ruler within the Qarakhanid confederation during a period when the khaganate was actively consolidating control over Transoxiana. Local copper fals of this type were struck for regional market use, entirely distinct from the silver dirhams circulating at the dynastic level. Isbijab itself had been a contested frontier town between the Samanids and earlier steppe powers before passing definitively into Qarakhanid hands around 999.