1 Duit 'Statenduit'- Philip II

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裏面の説明	The reverse field, heavily worn and encrusted with dark patina consistent with long circulation, bears a circular Latin legend reading PACE · ET · IUSTITIA (Peace and Justice), the motto of the County of Zeeland. At the centre, vestiges of a cross or floral ornament dividing the field are discernible beneath the corrosion, typical of the reverse composition found on Zeeland duits of this emission. The hammered flan is irregular in outline, with die-shift and surface porosity characteristic of this base-metal provincial coinage.
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追加情報	Philip II inherited the Low Countries from his father Charles V in 1555, but his aggressive centralization policies and the Duke of Alba's brutal suppression campaign drove the northern provinces into open revolt. By 1580, Zeeland was firmly within the Union of Utrecht and effectively at war with its nominal sovereign — making this coin a peculiar artifact: a Zeeland issue struck in the name of a king the province was actively fighting to depose. The "Statenduit" designation reflects the States' own monetary authority asserting itself even while Philip's name remained on the dies.

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