1 Duit - John Francis

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背面描述	Central shield bearing a rampant lion to the left, the arms of the Lordship of Gronsveld, surmounted by an open noble crown with visible cross-hatched lining. The shield and crown are encircled by a wreath of laurel or olive branches, with leaves arranged symmetrically on both sides and tied at the base. The overall composition is characteristic of the heraldic style employed on minor feudal copper issues of the Low Countries in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The flan edge is irregular, consistent with hammered manufacture.
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附加信息	Gronsveld was a tiny Catholic lordship wedged between the Spanish Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, its lords perpetually maneuvering for autonomy against larger neighbors. John Francis of Bronckhorst-Batenburg, Count of Gronsveld, exercised the right to strike small copper coinage — a privilege jealously guarded by minor lords as a visible assertion of independent jurisdiction. The duit denomination was the workhorse of daily petty commerce across the Low Countries, and Gronsveld's issues circulated freely alongside those of far larger powers simply because nobody bothered to exclude them.

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