1 Duit - Albert and Isabella

Roermond's duit issues under the Archdukes Albert and Isabella reflect the peculiar administrative layering of the Spanish Netherlands — the city retained nominal municipal coining rights even as the Archdukes' authority nominally superseded local prerogative. The 1606–1611 window corresponds with the negotiations and early years of the Twelve Years' Truce, during which small copper coinage circulated intensely as military pay and provisioning networks wound down and civilian commerce resumed.

Vanhoudt 607·ROE distinguishes Roermond's output from the broader regional duit production, where municipal attributions are frequently conflated. Die alignment inconsistencies across this type are well documented by Gelder-Hoc.