1 Ducatone - Ferdinando

Ferdinando Gonzaga issued this ducatone while serving simultaneously as a Cardinal and the ruling Duke of Mantua — an ecclesiastical-secular hybrid that required papal dispensation and caused considerable friction with Rome. He had inherited the duchy in 1612 following the death of his brother Francesco IV, who ruled for only a matter of months. Ferdinando formally renounced his cardinalate in 1616, meaning coins struck within this 1613–1615 window belong to a transitional moment when Mantua was governed by a man technically still bound by holy orders.