1 Ducato - Pius II

Enea Silvio Piccolomini — scholar, poet, diplomat, and author of one of the Renaissance's more scandalous prose romances — became Pius II in 1458 and almost immediately declared a crusade against the Ottomans following the fall of Constantinople five years earlier. Bologna's mint struck this ducato under papal authority during that pontificate, a period when the city's relationship with Rome was managed through a papal legate rather than direct rule, making these issues administratively distinct from Roman mint production.

Pius died at Ancona in 1464, still waiting for crusade fleets that never fully materialized.