1 Ducato - Gianfrancesco II

Gianfrancesco II Pico ruled Mirandola under almost constant threat of dispossession — the duchy was seized by Julius II in 1511 and restored only after protracted diplomacy, leaving its lord perpetually negotiating his survival between French and imperial interests. This ducato falls within that precarious restoration period, struck by a lord who understood that maintaining a credible gold coinage was as much a political statement of legitimacy as any treaty.

Mirandola's output was small by any measure, and the CNI records only two die pairings for this type across the entire eighteen-year span.