1 Ducato - Giacomo III Mandelli

Maccagno was among the smallest feudal lordships ever to exercise the right of coinage in the Italian states — a pocket territory on the western shore of Lake Maggiore, controlling little more than a landing and a toll. The Mandelli family obtained minting rights through imperial grant, and Giacomo III exploited that privilege aggressively in the early 1620s, producing ducats that circulated well beyond their issuing authority's actual political reach, absorbed into the broader northern Italian trade economy where fineness mattered more than the issuer's name.

Surviving examples are genuinely scarce. The lordship was suppressed not long after, and total output across all Mandelli ducat issues was never substantial.