1 Ducato - Giacomo III Mandelli

Historical Context: The 1622 Ducato of Giacomo III Mandelli originates from Maccagno, a small but historically significant feudal principality within the fragmented Italian States. Giacomo III, a member of the venerable Mandelli family, exercised the rare privilege of coinage, a right originally bestowed by Emperor Charles V. This issue underscores the economic autonomy and assertion of sovereignty by minor noble houses during the early 17th century, a period marked by regional conflicts.

Artistry: The design of this Ducato reflects prevailing Late Renaissance and nascent Baroque artistic sensibilities. While the specific engraver is unrecorded, the obverse typically features a dignified, realistic bust of Giacomo III Mandelli, often facing right, surrounded by his titular legend. The reverse commonly displays the Mandelli family's ducal coat of arms, surmounted by a crown, or a religious motif, symbolizing the ruler's authority. Execution varies, characteristic of smaller mints.

Technical/Grading: Struck in .986 fine gold, this 3.5-gram Ducato presents specific high-points crucial for grading. On the obverse, these include the high relief of the ruler's hair, nose, and any crown details. The reverse's high-points are typically the central elements of the coat of arms (e.g., lions' heads, eagles' wings) and the ducal crown.