1 Ducat - Francis Maximilian and Henry Francis

Historical Context: This 1687 1 Ducat was issued by the County of Mansfeld-Bornstedt, under the co-regency of brothers Francis Maximilian and Henry Francis. Their rule occurred during a period of recovery in the Holy Roman Empire following the devastating Thirty Years' War, yet prior to the major dynastic conflicts of the 18th century. As members of the ancient House of Mansfeld, their right to issue coinage underscored their enduring, albeit diminishing, sovereign authority within the complex tapestry of German states. Ducats served as vital instruments of international trade and prestige.

Artistry: The coin exemplifies the late Baroque numismatic style prevalent in Central Europe. While a specific engraver is not commonly attributed, the design likely reflects the prevailing artistic conventions of the era, emphasizing realistic yet idealized portraits of the co-regents on the obverse. The reverse would typically feature the intricate Mansfeld coat of arms, often surmounted by a ducal crown and possibly incorporating religious or allegorical elements, executed with meticulous detail characteristic of high-value gold coinage.

Technical/Grading: Struck in .986 fine gold to a standard weight of 3.5 grams and a diameter of 22 millimeters, this ducat adheres to established European monetary conventions. Key high-points for grading include the highest relief areas of the rulers' hair, cheekbones, and the intricate details of the ducal crown and mantling on the reverse. A strong strike would exhibit full detail, sharp legends, and a well-defined border. Original mint luster, often a cartwheel effect, would be a significant premium factor, while evidence of die wear or flan imperfections would impact its numismatic grade.