1 Ducat - Charles Theodor

Charles Theodor inherited Bavaria in 1777 following the extinction of the Wittelsbach-Bavaria line, a succession that immediately triggered the War of the Bavarian Succession against Prussia. Joseph II's attempt to absorb much of Bavaria into Habsburg territory was ultimately blocked by the Treaty of Teschen in 1779, but the political instability of those first years made consistent high-quality gold coinage a deliberate signal of legitimacy. Charles Theodor had no legitimate heirs, which left his reign perpetually shadowed by succession anxieties that shaped court spending and, by extension, coinage priorities.

The .986 fineness here marginally exceeds the ducat standard codified at Frankfurt — a detail that occasionally surfaces in assay records from the period.