1 Ducat - Anselm Casimir of Umstadt

Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt governed Mainz during one of the most destructive phases of the Thirty Years' War. Swedish and Imperial forces contested the Rhineland repeatedly through the 1630s, and Mainz itself had been occupied by Swedish troops from 1631 until 1636 — the very year this ducat series begins. The resumption of archiepiscopal gold coinage after that occupation carried unmistakable political weight.

The .986 fineness places this squarely in the ducaten standard maintained across the Holy Roman Empire, though Mainz production in these years was irregular given the disrupted Rhine trade routes on which the archbishopric's fiscal health depended.