1 Doppia - William X Gonzaga

William X Gonzaga — properly Guglielmo Gonzaga, who held Montferrat as a secondary title subordinate to his Duchy of Mantua — struck this doppia during a period of active dynastic maneuvering in northern Italy. The Gonzaga acquisition of Montferrat in 1536 had been legally contested for decades, and coinage bearing his authority over the marquisate served a pointed political function alongside any economic one.

The doppia denomination itself emerged in Italian states as a double ducat equivalent, intended primarily for trade and treasury use rather than everyday exchange. Few circulated hard.