1 Doppia - Scipione Gonzaga

Bozzolo was among the smallest fiefdoms in the Po Valley capable of exercising mint rights, and Scipione Gonzaga — lord of the territory from 1613 until his death in 1670 — used that privilege aggressively, striking gold issues well beyond what local commerce could reasonably absorb. The doppia format was a deliberate alignment with Milanese monetary convention, easing acceptance across Lombardy's trade networks while asserting dynastic standing the tiny state could not otherwise claim.

The Gonzaga cadet branches running these minor Mantuan dependencies were frequently in conflict with imperial oversight regarding unauthorized mintages. Whether this 1620 issue had explicit sanction is not entirely settled.