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1 Doppia - Francis IV Gonzaga

Issuer Duchy of Montferrat (Montferrat, Italian States)
Year 1612
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Central field occupied by a bold Latin cross with elaborately quartered arms, each quadrant filled with small heraldic charges arranged in checkerboard or lozengy patterns, characteristic of the Gonzaga and Paleologi dynastic arms. The cross is set within a beaded inner circle. The peripheral legend in Latin reads FRANCISCVS IIII D G DVX MANT V, identifying the ruler as Francis IV, by the grace of God Duke of Mantua, and runs continuously around the coin's circumference in hammered relief. The overall style is typical of late Renaissance north Italian hammered gold coinage.
Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description The reverse displays a large quartered heraldic shield surmounted by a ducal crown, combining the multiple dynastic arms of the Gonzaga and Paleologi families of Mantua and Montferrat. The quarters feature combinations of horizontal bars, vertical pales, and small heraldic charges typical of the composite arms of these ruling houses. The surrounding legend ET MONTIS FERRATI III, with the date split 16 12 on either side of the lower field, identifies the ruler as the third Marquis of Montferrat. The inscription and shield together confirm the dual dignity of the issuing prince in the manner standard for Italian States coinage of the early seventeenth century.
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