1 Doppia - Ferdinando I Gonzaga

Ferdinando I Gonzaga came to the duchy in 1612 having previously been a cardinal — he renounced holy orders upon his brother Francesco IV's sudden death, a dynastic maneuver that required papal dispensation and left contemporaries genuinely unsettled. His reign coincided with Mantua's last period of genuine political independence before the catastrophic War of the Mantuan Succession tore the duchy apart in 1628, just six years after his own death.

The doppia denomination was a prestige issue from the outset — gift-giving currency as much as commercial. MIR 583 is among the scarcer Gonzaga gold types by surviving population.