1 Doppia - Clement XI

Clement XI's pontificate was consumed almost entirely by the War of the Spanish Succession and its aftermath, during which the Papal States were repeatedly occupied, taxed, and ignored by the major powers. His 1713 condemnation of Jansenism in the bull Unigenitus provoked a rupture with the French church that outlasted him by decades. This 1714 Doppia was struck the year after the Utrecht settlement, when the political map of Italy had been fundamentally redrawn without papal input despite Clement's repeated protests.

The Doppia denomination itself traces to the 16th century as a double scudo d'oro — by Clement's reign it was prestige coinage rather than workhorse currency.