1 Dollar Virginia Treasury Note

Virginia's wartime treasury notes were a stopgap against a severe coin shortage that bit hard in 1861–62, when Confederate citizens hoarded specie almost immediately after secession. Hoyer & Ludwig, the Richmond lithographic firm that printed much of the Confederacy's early fractional and state paper, worked under constant supply pressure — ink, stone, and skilled labor were all scarce, and it shows in the uneven print quality characteristic of this series.

Bennett and Cleaner signed by hand across hundreds of these notes. The sheer volume required for fractional circulation meant fatigued, rushed signatures were the norm, and authentic examples often look almost perfunctory compared to the careful autographs collectors expect on higher-denomination wartime issues.