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1 Dollar - Elizabeth II 4th portrait
| Issuer | Bermuda Monetary Authority |
|---|---|
| Year | 1999-2019 |
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| Engraver(s) | Obverse: Ian Rank-Broadley Reverse: Eldon Trimingham |
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|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ELIZABETH II BERMUDA IRB |
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| Edge | Alternating reeded and plain |
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| Additional information |
The Bermuda Monetary Authority has issued its own currency since 1970, when Bermuda decoupled from the pound sterling and pegged the new dollar one-to-one with the US dollar — a parity it has maintained without interruption. That fixed rate is not managed by a central bank in the conventional sense; the BMA holds US dollar reserves equal to 100% of the currency in circulation, making devaluation structurally impossible under current law.
Effigy changes on Commonwealth coinage typically track Ian Rank-Broadley's fourth portrait introduction in 1998, and Bermuda adopted it promptly. The run through 2019 reflects the portrait's replacement by Jody Clark's fifth effigy in subsequent issues.