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The obverse presents a central vignette of the British Royal Arms flanked by a lion on the left and a unicorn on the right, rendered in fine intaglio engraving. The bank title PROVINCIAL BANK OF CANADA arcs across the upper portion, with PROVINCE OF CANADA inscribed in the top margin; denomination counters reading ONE appear at lower left and right, with FIVE SHILLINGS at centre right and ONE DOLLAR at far right. The promise text 'Will pay ONE DOLLAR to the bearer' is inscribed below the central vignette, with the place of issue STANSTEAD and a date of 1856, accompanied by two manuscript signatures of the Cashier and President. |
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The reverse is largely plain, printed on aged cream-coloured paper with a simple guilloche or geometric underprint in red ink forming two rectangular panels spaced across the width of the note, the remainder of the surface being unprinted. |
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The Provincial Bank of Canada had a short and troubled existence — chartered in 1836, it collapsed within a few years before being revived in the 1850s under reorganized management. This note belongs to that second chapter, issued during a period when Canadian banking was still navigating the awkward coexistence of sterling and decimal currency. The dual denomination — one dollar and five shillings simultaneously — reflects that transitional moment before Canada formally adopted the decimal dollar as its sole standard in 1858.
American Bank Note Company, by this point already the dominant force in North American security printing, produced the plates in New York. The ABNC imprint on Canadian provincial bank issues of the 1850s is common enough, but the Provincial Bank itself issued so sparingly that surviving notes are genuinely scarce regardless of condition.