1 Dirham - al-Marzuban b. Sharwin Firrim

Historical Context: This 1 Dirham, struck in 981 CE (370 AH), provides a tangible link to al-Marzuban b. Sharwin Firrim, a ruler of the Bavand dynasty in Tabaristan. The Bavandids, an ancient Iranian dynasty, maintained significant local autonomy in northern Iran amidst Buyid dominance during the late 10th century. This issue from al-Marzuban, mentioning "Firrim," offers valuable numismatic evidence for tracing the succession and regional influence, illustrating the tapestry of power during fragmented Islamic rule.

Artistry: Typical of Islamic coinage, this dirham's artistry is primarily expressed through intricate calligraphy. The engraver remains anonymous, common for the period; the coin adheres to the established epigraphic school. The obverse features the central Kalima; the reverse displays the ruler's name, titles, and date. The script employed would be a regional Kufic variant, characterized by angular letterforms, reflecting aesthetic sensibilities prevalent in Persia, late 4th century AH.

Technical/Grading: Struck in billon, an alloy indicating significant base metal, this 3.50-gram dirham reflects its era's economic realities. For grading, key high-points include the legibility and completeness of central and marginal inscriptions, often the first areas to show wear or weak strike. A superior example exhibits a well-centered strike, clear, full legends, and minimal evidence of double striking or planchet imperfections. The absence of a specified mint ("mm") suggests it might be unreadable or unrecorded for this reference.