1 Dirham - Abu'l-Hayja' b. Rabib al-Dawla

The Hadhabani Kurdish dynasty controlled territory around Lake Urmia in what is now northwestern Iran, operating as a semi-autonomous power navigating between the Buyid sultanate's decline and rising Seljuk pressure. Abu'l-Hayja' b. Rabib al-Dawla issued coinage as a declaration of local authority during precisely the period when that regional order was collapsing — the Seljuks under Tughril would sweep through the area within two decades. Billon rather than pure silver signals constrained resources, not negligence.