1 Dinar - Mahmud ibn Muhammad 'Askar Mukram

Historical Context: This 1153 gold dinar, issued by Mahmud ibn Muhammad from 'Askar Mukram, exemplifies the fragmented Great Seljuq Empire in the mid-12th century. While nominally under Seljuq suzerainty, regional potentates like Mahmud exercised significant autonomy, striking coinage in their own names. 'Askar Mukram, an important Khuzestan center, highlights the economic vitality of such local powers. This coin serves as a tangible