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1 Dinar - Mahmud b. Husayn Samarqand

Issuer Western Qarakhanid Khaganate
Year 1158
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Value 1 Dinar
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Obverse description Central field occupied by a multi-line Arabic religious legend in Kufic-influenced script, arranged in horizontal registers across the flan. The inscription, characteristic of Qarakhanid coinage, includes the shahada and titles of the ruling khan. An additional marginal legend runs along the periphery of the coin, partially visible on the irregular flan. The striking is bold with deeply cut relief lettering, typical of hammered gold dinars produced at the Samarqand mint in the 12th century.
Obverse script Arabic
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Reverse description Central field bears a multi-line Arabic legend in several horizontal registers, incorporating the ruler's name and titles as well as Abbasid suzerainty formulae, consistent with Western Qarakhanid dynastic coinage conventions. A circular marginal inscription surrounds the central text, though portions are weak or off-flan due to the irregular hammered flan. The overall die workmanship reflects the developed Qarakhanid epigraphic style of the mid-12th century, with angular Kufic letterforms transitioning toward a more cursive execution.
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