1 Dinar - Ala al-Dawla Muhammad Hamadan

The Kakwayhids were a minor Daylamite dynasty clinging to power in the Jibal region of western Iran during the mid-eleventh century, perpetually squeezed between the Buyids to the south and the advancing Ghaznavids and Seljuqs to the east. Ala al-Dawla Muhammad ibn Dushmanziyar — the issuer of this dinar — managed the dynasty's longest and most politically agile reign, surviving by shifting allegiances between these larger powers. Gold coinage in his name is rare relative to silver output, reflecting both the economic pressures of the period and the brevity of stable fiscal authority the Kakwayhids ever truly held.