1 Denier Tornese - Martin Zaccaria

Martin Zaccaria held Chios through a Genoese grant originally secured by his family through control of the island's mastic trade — a monopoly so lucrative it financed private military operations across the Aegean. His lordship ended in 1329 when the Byzantine emperor Andronikos III retook the island, though Zaccaria held out intermittently until 1339. This denier tornese follows the French colonial monetary conventions spreading through Crusader and Latin states, a format carried east by Frankish administrative habit rather than local tradition.