1 Denier - Ferdinandus II mark SS

Ferdinand II's reign over Valencia — running concurrently with his rule of Aragon and, after 1479, as co-monarch of Castile — produced a coinage that reflected the administrative complexity of the Crown of Aragon's federated structure. Valencia retained its own mint and monetary system even as the Catholic Monarchs unified much of Iberia politically. The SS mark on this denier identifies the assayer responsible for guaranteeing the billon's fineness at a moment when debased small change was a chronic problem across Aragonese territories.