1 Denaro - Frederick II

Emittente Sicily, Kingdom of
Anno 1243
Tipo Standard circulation coin
Valore 1 Denier (1⁄120)
Valuta Tari (1060-1754)
Composizione Billon (.065 silver)
Peso 0.8 g
Diametro 18 mm
Spessore 0.6 mm
Forma Round (irregular)
Tecnica Hammered
Orientamento Coin alignment ↑↓
Incisore/i
In circolazione fino al
Riferimento/i Spahr1#128, MIR#97, MEC XIV#555 - 557
Descrizione del dritto Head of Frederick II without crown facing right.
Scrittura del dritto Latin
Legenda del dritto +F • ROM • IPR` • SEP • AVG
(Translation: Frederick emperor of the Romans always august.)
Descrizione del rovescio Eagle with head facing right
Scrittura del rovescio Latin
Legenda del rovescio +• R • IER SL`ET SICIL` •
(Translation: King of Jerusalem and Sicily.)
Bordo
Zecca
Tiratura ND (1243) - -
ID Numisquare 5436093850
Informazioni aggiuntive

Historical Context: The 1 Denaro of Frederick II, issued in 1243 from the Kingdom of Sicily, represents a pivotal moment in the reign of "Stupor Mundi." As Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily, Frederick II meticulously centralized his realm. This coin's issuance, amidst his relentless conflicts with the Papacy and Lombard League, underscores his unwavering assertion of sovereign authority and economic control. It serves as a tangible testament to the practical currency of a sophisticated, embattled imperial power.

Artistry: Artistry on medieval billon issues like this 1 Denaro prioritized legibility and symbolic representation. Engraver names are unrecorded for this period, but the coin reflects the broader Hohenstaufen numismatic style. Under Frederick II, this style sometimes blended classical Roman influences with contemporary medieval iconography, though simpler on base metal. The design likely featured a central cross, an imperial eagle, or the monarch's monogram, executed with a direct, functional aesthetic for daily transactions.

Technical/Grading: Given its billon composition (.065 silver), small size (18mm), and light weight (0.8g), the 1243 Denaro is inherently susceptible to wear and degradation. High-points for preservation assessment typically include the central device (e.g., cross arms, eagle's head/body, or prominent monogram letters) and the outer legends. Due to medieval minting, irregular flans, off-center strikes, and weak areas are common. Well-centered, fully struck examples with clear legends are particularly desirable.

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