1 Demi giulio

Siena's republican coinage of the early 1540s was produced under mounting pressure from both Charles V and Florence, a decade before the city's catastrophic fall in 1555 following a brutal fourteen-month siege. The demi giulio denomination itself was tied to papal monetary influence — the giulio, introduced by Julius II, had become a reference unit across central Italian states whether they acknowledged Rome's authority or not.

MIR 550 is a scarce type, with surviving examples concentrated in a handful of Italian institutional collections.