1 Daalder `Ecu des Etats` - Flanders Revolt

The "Écu des États" issues of 1578–79 emerge directly from the political rupture following the Union of Arras and the Union of Utrecht — the moment the seventeen provinces fractured beyond repair. Flanders, still nominally under Habsburg authority but in open administrative rebellion, struck these coins through the States General as an assertion of fiscal autonomy rather than outright secession. The issuing authority matters: these are not royal coins produced in the king's name.

Delmonte S#113 is among the scarcer assignments in the series, and catalogers have occasionally conflated die marriages across the Gelder-Hoc 245–247 range.