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1 Crown - William and Mary
| Issuer | Royal Mint (England) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1691-1692 |
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| Engraver(s) | John Roettiers |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | GVLIELMVS·ET·MARIA·DEI·GRATIA (Translation: William and Mary by the Grace of God) |
| Reverse description | Four crowned shields of arms arranged in cruciform pattern, separated by the interlaced royal cipher WM (for William and Mary) in each angle, the whole forming a decorative cross. The shields bear respectively the arms of England (three lions passant guardant), Scotland (lion rampant), Ireland (harp), and France (three fleurs-de-lis), with the lion of Nassau at the centre of the cross. The date numerals appear divided between the angles of the shields. The circular Latin legend MAG·BR·FR·ET·HI·REX·ET·REGINA runs along the periphery, identifying the monarchs as King and Queen of Great Britain, France, and Ireland. |
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| Additional information |
William III and Mary II ruled jointly — an arrangement without precedent in English constitutional history, forced through by Parliament after James II fled to France in 1688. The Glorious Revolution's settlement required both monarchs to appear on coinage as co-equals, a political statement as much as a monetary one. The dies were cut by James Roettier, one of several Roettier family engravers who had dominated English medal and coin work since the Restoration.
Mary died of smallpox in December 1694, ending the joint reign and making these conjoined-portrait issues a finite type. The 1691 and 1692 dates represent the only Crown-denomination strikes of the pairing.