1 Crazia - Ferdinando II De Medici

Ferdinando II inherited the Grand Duchy at age ten in 1621 under a regency dominated by his grandmother Christine of Lorraine and mother Maria Maddalena of Austria, and the crazia — a small billon denomination unique to Tuscany — continued circulating under his name for the full five decades of his reign. The type's longevity in production reflects the chronic shortage of small change that plagued the Florentine economy throughout the seventeenth century.

The MIR 312 attribution covers a span of nearly fifty years, meaning die variations within the type are considerable and precise dating of individual pieces remains difficult.