1 Cash - Xianzhu Yinglai Bangka

Bangka Island, off the southeastern coast of Sumatra, was among the most productive tin-mining territories in the world during the eighteenth century, and these coins exist entirely because of that industry. The Dutch VOC, which controlled the island's output, permitted locally administered tin coinage to facilitate small transactions among the mining labor population — Chinese contractors and Malay workers who needed a medium of exchange well below the value of any silver the VOC was willing to circulate.

The extraordinarily wide date range reflects genuine uncertainty: no mint records survive that would allow tighter attribution, and examples attributed to this type span multiple administrative periods on the island.