1 Cash - Qianyuan Zhongbao, bronze

Ma Chu was one of the Ten Kingdoms that fragmented China after the collapse of the Tang dynasty, controlling the Hunan region under the Ma family from 907 until 951. The Qianyuan Zhongbao issue dates to the reign of Ma Yin's successor Ma Xisheng, whose rule lasted barely two years before his own brother Ma Xicheng seized power in 927. The political instability of the Ma Chu succession — five rulers in roughly a decade — makes precise attribution of individual cash issues to specific reigns genuinely difficult, and Hartill's numbering reflects ongoing scholarly uncertainty about the sequence.