1 Cash - Qianlong Tongbao, Yerkiyang, Yarkand

Yarkand (Yerkiyang in Manchu) was one of six mints established in Chinese Turkestan following the Qing conquest of Xinjiang in 1759. The Board of Revenue authorized these mints specifically to replace the silver-based currency system of the Dzungar and local Uyghur economies with standard copper cash — a deliberate monetary integration policy imposed on a freshly subdued population. The Yarkand mint operated with mixed alloy sources, drawing on local copper supplies that differed from metropolitan Chinese sources, which accounts for the variable metal color seen across surviving pieces.

Hartill 22.437 distinguishes this issue by its Manchu mint mark reverses. The Yarkand series is generally scarcer than output from the Aksu mint during the same period.