1 Cash - Minh Đức Thông Bảo

Minh Đức Thông Bảo cash coins were issued under the Tây Sơn regime, which briefly unified much of Vietnam after overthrowing the Nguyễn lords in the south and routing a 200,000-strong Qing Chinese invasion force at the Battle of Đống Đa in 1789. The Tây Sơn period produced a fragmented coinage across multiple competing authorities, and attribution of individual cash types to specific rulers or dates remains contested among specialists — Barker's classifications rely heavily on inscription variants rather than contemporary documentation.