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| Issuer | Uncertain Chinese kingdoms |
|---|---|
| Year | 927-951 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Chinese |
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| Mintage | ND (927-951) |
| Additional information |
The "Kai Da" cash pieces belong to the chaotic interregnum of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, when central Tang authority had completely collapsed and regional warlords issued their own coinage with little coordination. Attributing these lead pieces with certainty remains genuinely difficult — Hartill's cautious "uncertain kingdoms" designation reflects ongoing scholarly disagreement rather than a cataloging gap. Lead was used here not from metallurgical preference but from necessity: copper supplies were contested, hoarded, or simply unavailable to minor regional powers fighting for survival.