1 Cash - Jiaqing Tongbao, Boo-u

The Jiaqing reign (1796–1820) inherited a mint system already strained by the White Lotus Rebellion, which drained Qing treasury resources for nearly a decade and disrupted copper supply chains from Yunnan — the empire's primary source of cash-coin metal. The Board of Revenue mint in Beijing, known in Manchu as Boo-u, was among the better-supplied facilities, but alloy consistency still varied considerably across the reign as brass ratios shifted with available stock.

Hartill 22.513 distinguishes this type within a crowded field of Jiaqing issues by mint and script combination. The Boo-u series is well-documented, making attribution straightforward.