1 Cash - Daoguang Tongbao; Boo-chuwan; privately cast

Privately cast cash coins from the Chengdu mint's orbit represent a persistent headache for Qing monetary administrators throughout the Daoguang period (1821–1850). The imperial government repeatedly issued edicts against private casting, particularly in Sichuan, where geographic isolation from Beijing made enforcement inconsistent at best. Boo-chuwan pieces — struck under the Board of Revenue's Chengdu facility — were frequently imitated by local workshops exploiting the province's copper supply and distance from central oversight.

The brass composition here, rather than the standard bronze alloy, is often the clearest indicator of private origin.