1 Cash - Anonymous Kaiyuan Tongbao, Luo, with crescent

The Kaiyuan Tongbao series, introduced in 621 under Tang Taizong, ran for nearly three centuries and became the template for East Asian coinage — its round-with-square-hole format and weight standard were copied across Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. By the late Tang period bracketed by this piece, central minting authority had collapsed almost entirely. Provincial military governors, the jiedushi, controlled their own furnaces, and the "Luo" designation places production at or near Luoyang, the eastern capital, during a period when that city changed hands repeatedly amid the chaos preceding the dynasty's final collapse in 907.

The reverse crescent is a die marker whose exact administrative function remains debated — possibly a foundry batch identifier, possibly a supervisor's mark.