1 Carolin - Clemens August of Bayern

Clemens August of Bavaria — simultaneously Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Bishop of Münster, Paderborn, Hildesheim, and Osnabrück, and Grand Master of the Teutonic Order — was arguably the most powerful ecclesiastical pluralist in 18th-century Germany. The Carolin denomination itself was introduced as a gold trade coin across several Catholic German states in the early 18th century, its name derived from Emperor Charles VI. Clemens August's issues are distinguished by their relatively low surviving populations, a product of limited mint output at Bonn rather than heavy circulation loss.