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1 Carlino - Hugues Loubenx de Verdala
| Issuer | Order of St. John (Knights Hospitaller) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1591 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field occupied by the crowned heraldic shield of Grand Master Hugues Loubenx de Verdala, quarterly displaying the cross of the Order of St. John and the personal arms of the Grand Master, flanked on either side by ecclesiastical hat tassels (galero). The shield is surmounted by a princely crown. The surrounding legend in Latin characters reads the name and title of the Grand Master, interrupted by a cross pattée at the commencement. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Hugues Loubenx de Verdala was elected Grand Master in 1581 and spent much of his tenure navigating the conflicting pressures of Philip II of Spain and the Ottoman threat that had not meaningfully receded since the Great Siege of 1565. His copper issues were struck on Malta at a period when the Order's finances were under considerable strain from ongoing fortification works at Valletta, the new capital still being built out in 1591. Copper coinage of this Grand Master is notably scarce relative to his silver, partly because copper issues circulated hard and were frequently lost or melted.