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1 Carlino - Hugues Loubenx de Verdala
| Issuer | Order of St. John (Knights Hospitaller) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1591 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 1.96 g |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse lettering | ☩ NON AES SED FIDES (Translation: Not money but faith.) |
| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Hugues Loubenx de Verdala was elected Grand Master in 1581 and spent much of his tenure navigating the conflicting pressures of Philip II of Spain and the Ottoman threat that had not meaningfully receded since the Great Siege of 1565. His copper issues were struck on Malta at a period when the Order's finances were under considerable strain from ongoing fortification works at Valletta, the new capital still being built out in 1591. Copper coinage of this Grand Master is notably scarce relative to his silver, partly because copper issues circulated hard and were frequently lost or melted.