1 Bianco - Gregory XIII

Gregory XIII is remembered almost exclusively for the 1582 calendar reform that bears his name, but his pontificate also coincided with a period of aggressive monetary reorganization across the Papal States. The Bologna mint, operating under papal authority but with a long tradition of civic coinage, produced this bianco under a framework that was already being challenged by the spread of larger silver thalers from the north.

The bianco denomination itself was a legacy unit struggling for relevance by the 1570s, increasingly squeezed between petty billon issues below and the growing scudo above.