1 Baiocco - Sixtus V Dove

Historical Context: Sixtus V, born Felice Peretti in Montalto, ascended to the papacy in 1585. This 1 Baiocco, struck at the Montalto mint, underscores his personal connection to his birthplace, which he elevated to a duchy for his family. Issuing coinage from Montalto during his pontificate (1585-1590) was a strategic move, asserting papal authority and consolidating control over regional mints within the Papal States. The Baiocco was a fundamental denomination in the burgeoning economy of the Counter-Reformation era.

Artistry: The artistry of this Baiocco, while not attributed to a specific master engraver, reflects the late Renaissance style prevalent in Papal mints. The "Dove" design element, likely representing the Holy Spirit, is a powerful religious symbol, emphasizing the divine mandate of the papacy. Such iconography was characteristic of Counter-Reformation coinage, designed to reinforce Catholic doctrine and inspire devotion among the populace. The design would have been executed by skilled local artisans adhering to broader Papal stylistic guidelines.

Technical/Grading: As a billon coin of small module (19mm, 0.73g), this 1 Baiocco often exhibits inherent technical challenges. High-points susceptible to wear typically include the dove's head and wings, any facial features of a papal bust (if present), and the legends. Strikes can be inconsistent, with planchet irregularities, weak areas, and occasional off-centering being common. The billon alloy itself, being a low-silver mixture, contributes to a less lustrous surface and can show signs of corrosion or environmental toning more readily than higher-purity silver.