1 Baiocco - Pius VI

Historical Context: This 1 Baiocco, issued in Ancona in 1796, marks a turbulent era under Pope Pius VI (1775-1799). His pontificate confronted the escalating French Revolution and imminent Napoleonic campaigns, soon to reshape Italy. Ancona, a vital Adriatic port, was crucial for Papal control. This copper coinage highlights the Papal States' efforts to maintain economic function and sovereignty amidst profound political instability, representing the final years before significant French incursions.

Artistry: The coin's design aligns with the late 18th-century Papal States' numismatic style, blending late Baroque with early Neoclassical influences. Engraver attribution for provincial copper issues is rare; execution reflects standard Papal mint practices. The obverse prominently features the Papal arms of Pius VI – the tiara and crossed keys – symbolizing papal authority. The reverse clearly displays "UN BAIOCCO" and the date "1796" within a decorative wreath, prioritizing legibility and traditional heraldry.

Technical/Grading: As a large copper coin (29mm, 10.6g) from this period, strike quality varies. Key high-points for assessing wear include the tiara and intricate details of the crossed keys. On the reverse, the sharpness of the lettering and wreath definition are crucial. Copper planchets and striking methods often resulted in flaws, weak strikes in deeper relief, and environmental damage. A premium example exhibits a strong, even strike with full detail on the Papal regalia and crisp legends, free from significant corrosion.