1 Aureus - Imitating Probus, 276-282

Barbarian imitations of Probus aurei occupy an awkward scholarly space — clearly produced by Germanic groups familiar enough with Roman coinage to copy the format convincingly, yet operating entirely outside imperial minting infrastructure. The dating range reflects genuine uncertainty: production likely began while Probus still reigned and continued well into the Constantinian period, as Roman gold remained the prestige currency of choice across the Rhine frontier regardless of which emperor's face it bore.

The Calicó cross-reference is telling. Even within Hispano-Roman numismatic literature, no clean parallel exists.