1 As Wheel / Anchor

Heavy cast bronzes of this class belong to the aes grave tradition, produced in central Italy before Rome's coinage system fully displaced regional issues. The attribution to an Etruscan mint remains contested — the anchor and wheel types have been linked to several sites, with Volsinii and Populonia both proposed at various points in the scholarship. Haeberlin's foundational work catalogued the weight standards across these series, and the spreads he documented suggest production at more than one location, possibly over a compressed timeframe as Roman political pressure on Etruscan autonomy intensified through the 220s BC.