1 As Value series

Volaterrae — modern Volterra — was among the most powerful Etruscan cities still operating an independent mint in the late 3rd century BC, and its heavy cast aes grave output belongs to a monetary tradition already becoming obsolete as Rome's influence over central Italy tightened. These pieces were cast, not struck, using clay moulds in a technology inherited from earlier Etruscan and Italic practice rather than the Greek hammered coinage filtering in from the south.

At over 150 grams, this represents the as at or near its pre-reform libral standard — before Roman pressure and monetary pragmatism drove the unit into a decades-long decline toward token weights.