1 AE Dirham - 'Uthman b. Ibrahim Samarqand

By 1208, the Western Qarakhanid Khaganate was operating as a vassal state under Khwarazmian pressure, and the local rulers in Transoxiana retained only nominal authority. Samarqand remained a functioning mint city throughout this period, which is why copper fulus-type issues continued to be struck even as political control over the region shifted hands. The name of a local governor on a copper dirham is often the only surviving record of his administration.